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Comparative cytogenetics of bed bug Cimex lectularius (Heteroptera: Cimicidae)
Sadílek, David ; Vilímová, Jitka (advisor) ; Ráb, Petr (referee)
Comparative cytogenetics of the bed bug Cimex lectularius (Heteroptera: Cimicidae) The human bed bug Cimex lectularius has started enormous spreading to all developed countries of temperate climate zone during the last ten years. Bed bug was almost eradicated by a mass use of DDT in these areas until the 70's in the 20th century. This temporal haematophagous ectoparasite occupies particularly human dwellings and bat roosts. Cimex lectularius shows unusual combination of cytogenetic characteristics, general for all Heteroptera, however, not usual for other organisms. The chromosomes are holokinetic, with completely achiasmatic meiosis and inverted meiosis of the sex chromosomes. Especialy remarkable feature is intraspecific variation of the number of the X chromosomes. The variable number of chromosomes of 43 populations of Cimex lectularius from the Czech Republic and 27 populations from other European countries was studied in the present study. The 10 variants of karyotype were found out by using the "hotplate spreading" method and the standard Giemsa staining. There were male karyotypes with 2n = 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 42 and 47 chromosomes and two females with peculiar odd number of sex chromosomes X, 2n = 33 and 43, not complementary with any male. A stable number of 2n = 26 autosomes...
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Guests and Hosts: Tourist Interactions in the Istrian Pension Lucia
Garajová, Jolana ; Halbich, Marek (advisor) ; Kábová, Adriana (referee)
The master's thesis explores the process in which tourist interactions between hosts and guests develop and sheds some light on tourism imaginaries by which these interactions are constructed and produced in an Istrian pension. The ethnography of hosts and guests presented here illustrates how the global and the local are closely intertwined through the process called glocalization (Salazar, 2005) and shows that "the global not only affects, but becomes the local, and vice versa". (Leite, Graburn in Jamal, Robinson ed., 2009: 53) The thesis shows how both the global and the local can take an active part in the process of new meaning-making in the context of tourism. In the pension, there is an ongoing local struggle over tourism imaginaries seeking to redefine the place and people. (Salazar, 2012) The thesis reveals that hosts cannot be viewed as passive victims of their hosts' expectations. They rather can be viewed as active negotiators, negotiating their position in the field of tourism. Key words: globalization, truism, global, local, glocalization, hosts/guests, tourism imaginaries, identity, cosmopolitanism, tourist development Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Vocalization of the common cuckoo chicks: ontogenesis and influence of the host species and acoustic environment
Žabková, Klára ; Honza, Marcel (advisor) ; Linhart, Pavel (referee)
Brood parasitism is a breeding strategy which imposes significant selection pressure upon the host as well as the parasite. Consequently, specific adaptations were formed on both sides. One of the adaptations could be vocal behaviour of brood parasite juveniles. Several conducted studies suggested that juveniles of the common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) adapt the form of their begging calls according to the host species they parasitize on. However, the outcomes of these studies were ambiguous. Therefore one of my tasks was to verify those findings. Two reed warblers - the great reed warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) and the reed warbler (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) - living in sympatry were selected as the hosts. The structure of begging calls of common cuckoo juveniles raised by these two host species did not differ in any of the measured parameters (syllable duration, minimum and maximum frequency, peak frequency, frequency bandwidth and calling rate). On the contrary the structure of begging calls of own host juveniles varied significantly among the individual species. Moreover, a considerable individual variability was detected in both groups of cuckoo juveniles. Recent studies have revealed that juveniles already perceive sound and acquire knowledge of their parents' voices in the process of...
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Vocalization of the common cuckoo chicks: ontogenesis and influence of the host species and acoustic environment
Žabková, Klára ; Honza, Marcel (advisor) ; Linhart, Pavel (referee)
Brood parasitism is a breeding strategy which imposes significant selection pressure upon the host as well as the parasite. Consequently, specific adaptations were formed on both sides. One of the adaptations could be vocal behaviour of brood parasite juveniles. Several conducted studies suggested that juveniles of the common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) adapt the form of their begging calls according to the host species they parasitize on. However, the outcomes of these studies were ambiguous. Therefore one of my tasks was to verify those findings. Two reed warblers - the great reed warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) and the reed warbler (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) - living in sympatry were selected as the hosts. The structure of begging calls of common cuckoo juveniles raised by these two host species did not differ in any of the measured parameters (syllable duration, minimum and maximum frequency, peak frequency, frequency bandwidth and calling rate). On the contrary the structure of begging calls of own host juveniles varied significantly among the individual species. Moreover, a considerable individual variability was detected in both groups of cuckoo juveniles. Recent studies have revealed that juveniles already perceive sound and acquire knowledge of their parents' voices in the process of...
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Guests and Hosts: Tourist Interactions in the Istrian Pension Lucia
Garajová, Jolana ; Halbich, Marek (advisor) ; Kábová, Adriana (referee)
The master's thesis explores the process in which tourist interactions between hosts and guests develop and sheds some light on tourism imaginaries by which these interactions are constructed and produced in an Istrian pension. The ethnography of hosts and guests presented here illustrates how the global and the local are closely intertwined through the process called glocalization (Salazar, 2005) and shows that "the global not only affects, but becomes the local, and vice versa". (Leite, Graburn in Jamal, Robinson ed., 2009: 53) The thesis shows how both the global and the local can take an active part in the process of new meaning-making in the context of tourism. In the pension, there is an ongoing local struggle over tourism imaginaries seeking to redefine the place and people. (Salazar, 2012) The thesis reveals that hosts cannot be viewed as passive victims of their hosts' expectations. They rather can be viewed as active negotiators, negotiating their position in the field of tourism. Key words: globalization, truism, global, local, glocalization, hosts/guests, tourism imaginaries, identity, cosmopolitanism, tourist development Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Phylogeography and ecology of the Cimex species (Heteroptera: Cimicidae) in Europe; the evolution of taxa and specialization of hosts
Balvín, Ondřej ; Vilímová, Jitka (advisor) ; Hypša, Václav (referee) ; Votýpka, Jan (referee)
The life strategies of parasites and evolutionary mechanisms forming their diversity are particularly various and become frequent objects of study. The Ph.D. thesis deals with one of the obligate ectoparasitic haematophagous groups of insects, the species of the genus Cimex (Heteroptera: Cimicidae). Unlike in most other ectoparasites, the strategy of cimicids consists of remaining hidden in the shelter of their host. They use the host body only to feed and disperse. The advantage of the lower competition with other ectoparasites is counterbalanced by the need for particularly stable blood source, for which the cimicids choose social hosts living in colonies. The most frequent and the original hosts of cimicids are bats. The host range of particular species of Cimicidae is often rather broad. The morphological analysis of the Cimex pipistrelli species group showed, however, differentiation according to host bat species. This suggests a need for adaptation to particular host species within the usual range. The differentiation was not found reflected in the mitochondrial DNA. It is thus possible that cimicids can exhibit phenotype plasticity. The host associated morphological variability likely caused as many as three species of C. pipistrelli group to be described from Europe, from which two were...
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Phylogenetic relations of Myxosporea parasitizing in brackish water fish
DAŇHELOVÁ, Jolana
The bachelor thesis is focused on the phylogenetic relationships of Myxosporea which parasitizes fish from brackish water where freshwater is mixed with saltwater. In this environment, myxozoan parasites from the freswater fish hosts meet the ones from the marine fish. Myxosporea creates two main phylogenetic lineages depending directly on the environment of fish´s hosts. The aim of this thesis is to find out the following: which Myxosporea parasitizes fish living in brackish water, their relationships and to which phylogenetic lineage these myxosporeans belong. The introductory part of the thesis is dedicated to taxonomy of Myxozoa, description of their morphology, lifecycles and phylogenetics. I focused mainly on the Myxosporea from three brackish fish hosts Scathophagus argus, Tetraodon nigroviridis and Tetraodon biocellatus which are imported as aquarium fish to the Czech Republic. DNA of parasites was isolated by fenolchloroform method. A phylogenetic marker SSU rDNA was amplified by PCR method and gained products were visualized using gel electrophoresis. All these methods were carried out at the Biological Center of Science Academy of the Czech Republic, Institute of Parasitology, in the Laboratory of fish protistology in České Budějovice. PCR products were sequenced in a service laboratory SEQme. The phylogenetic trees were constructed in a program Geneious, by the following methods: maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and the Bayesian inference method. I obtained SSU rDNA sequence of 10 species of Myxosporea which were placed by phylogenetic analysis into the phylogenetic tree of Myxosporea. I found out that brackish fish are parasitized by species of both marine and freshwater lineages of Myxosporea and I confirmed a presence of distantly related myxosporeans in one fish host.
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Comparative cytogenetics of bed bug Cimex lectularius (Heteroptera: Cimicidae)
Sadílek, David ; Vilímová, Jitka (advisor) ; Ráb, Petr (referee)
Comparative cytogenetics of the bed bug Cimex lectularius (Heteroptera: Cimicidae) The human bed bug Cimex lectularius has started enormous spreading to all developed countries of temperate climate zone during the last ten years. Bed bug was almost eradicated by a mass use of DDT in these areas until the 70's in the 20th century. This temporal haematophagous ectoparasite occupies particularly human dwellings and bat roosts. Cimex lectularius shows unusual combination of cytogenetic characteristics, general for all Heteroptera, however, not usual for other organisms. The chromosomes are holokinetic, with completely achiasmatic meiosis and inverted meiosis of the sex chromosomes. Especialy remarkable feature is intraspecific variation of the number of the X chromosomes. The variable number of chromosomes of 43 populations of Cimex lectularius from the Czech Republic and 27 populations from other European countries was studied in the present study. The 10 variants of karyotype were found out by using the "hotplate spreading" method and the standard Giemsa staining. There were male karyotypes with 2n = 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 42 and 47 chromosomes and two females with peculiar odd number of sex chromosomes X, 2n = 33 and 43, not complementary with any male. A stable number of 2n = 26 autosomes...
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